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Background: The77% of all non-communicable illnesses (NCDs) deaths are in low-and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). These 4 groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths. Objective was to study prevalence of NCDs and its trends with respect to age and gender. Methods: The present community based descriptive observational studywas conducted at Navodaya medical college hospital and research centre, Raichurthatcaters Urban and ruralareaof Raichur. The 4063 apparently healthy population from urban and rural part of Raichur were screened during the multi diagnostic mega camp at urban and rural areas around Raichur during the period of January to September 2021. Results:Prevalence of diabetes in our study was 46.3%, hypertension 45.3%, cataract 46.3% and COPD as 20.7%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in 41-60 years i.e., 41.6%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in 41-50 years i.e., 25.3%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in males i.e., 54.1%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in males i.e., 50.8%. Conclusions: Prevalence of all NCDs was more in above 40 years and more in males except COPD.
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Background: Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease of unknown aetiology seen under 45 years of age with no form of treatment has been successful in offering the victims of this disease a cure nor even a long-term remission. Objective of the study was to study the role of different risk factors, clinical features and treatment modality in early detection and management of Buerger’s disease.Methods: This is an experimental study carried out in 50 cases of Buerger’s disease after obtaining a well-informed written consent in department of General Surgery in Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital. Period of study was from October 2015 to October 2017. Data was analysed with SPSS 23.0 version.Results: Majority were from 31-40 years age group i.e. 30 (60%). Left lower limb was involved in 52% subjects. 80% smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Signs of ischemia was present in all 50 patients. Gangrene of the limb was seen in 14 patients (28%). Out of 3 patients with recurrent pain, 2 (66.7%) were relieved. Ulcer healing occurred in 5 out of 6 patients i.e. 83.3% and intermittent claudication was relieved in 2 out of 7 patients i.e. 28.6%.Conclusions: Males are commonly involved in our study. Majority of patients were in age group 31-40 years. Smoking is an important and definite risk factor in relation with the development of Buerger’s disease. Lower limb is commonly involved. Majority of patients in our series were treated by conservative management.
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Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly heterogeneous with a diverse anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical course. It is obstruction to left ventricular outflow that has become the major hallmark of the disease. Septal myectomy has been the gold standard treatment for the relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and cardiac symptoms in both adults and children with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Objective of the study was to evaluate effect of Myomectomy and its impact on survival for a period of one year.Methods: The study design is a retrospective record based observational study. Data was retrieved from previous records both electronic as well as manual records of all the patients who underwent myectomy with or without concomitant procedures such as mitral valve replacement or aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass surgery during 2014 to 2018.Results: Majority of the patients 11 (52.4%) in fourth decade i.e. 40-59 years age group. majority were males i.e. 16 (76.2%) and remaining 5 i.e. 23.8% were females. Male to female ratio was 3.2:1. Dyspnoea was present 81% and chest pain in 76.2%. Preoperative LVOT gradient was 86.86±20.33 and post-operative gradient was 23.47±20.49.Conclusions: Operative techniques have evolved from simple myotomy to the present method of extended septal myectomy which can be done in all adult cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
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Background: Insulin being a growth factor was proved to stimulate angiogenesis, collagen formation, matrix formation and granulation tissue proliferation in several preclinical studies. The objective was to study effectiveness of topical insulin on healing of diabetic ulcers at tertiary health care centre.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of surgery of a tertiary health care centre during August 2018 to August 2019 so during this period there were 60 patients. Group A was given topical insulin application. Group B was given saline application. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 24.0 version and un-paired t-test and chi-square tests are applied as test of significance.Results: Average time required for granulation tissue to appear (mean±SD) was significantly less in group A as compared to Group B (p<0.001, df=58, t=5.87); Average surface area of wound (mm2) at day 6th day was significantly less in group A (p<0.05, df=58,t=3.98); average depth of the wounds (mm) at day 6th day was significantly less in Group A as compared to in Group B (p<0.001, df=58, t=4.92).Conclusions: The topical application of insulin is significantly associated with fastening of wound healing in the diabetic ulcer.
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Background: Self-medication is becoming a common type of self-care behavior among the population of many countries. Obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of physician either for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance is called self-medication. The objectives of the study were to study prevalence and existing pattern of self-medication and its determinants among the medical students.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 200 medical students by systemic random sampling method using pretested semi-structured proforma. Analysis was done using SPSS and results were presented. Chi square and odds ratio (OR) was used as statistical tool.Results: Out of 200 students, 66.5% students were from 22-24 years of age group (mean age 20.2±1.4 years, p<0.05). Prevalence of self-medication was 93%, of which 53.8% were girls and 46.2% were boys (p>0.05). Majority of the students (95.2%) were self-medicating with allopathy drugs. 51.6% responded that they were getting quick relief with self-medication. 82% were aware about the possible adverse effects (OR 0.5, p>0.05). Self-medication was practiced by 78% students for upper respiratory tract infection, headache (70%), fever (67.7%) and gastrointestinal upset (36%). Majority (83%) students consumed paracetamol tablet for various health related reasons followed by cough syrups (55.3%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (54.3%), antibiotics (23.1%).Conclusions: Prevalence of self-medication was high in spite of awareness of possible adverse effects amongst students. Also, the knowledge of selection of appropriate drug for self-medication was observed to be poor.
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Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing substantially worldwide. CAD silently progresses over years in the diabetics. Diabetic individual appears to be less able to perceive some of the symptoms and signs of ischemia or may have asymptomatic ‘classic silent ischemia’. Thus, screening for early detection of asymptomatic CAD in type 2 diabetes may be helpful to prevent these catastrophic cardiac events and consequent deaths. Objectives of the study was to assess utility of TMT in Type 2 diabetic mellitus subjects to detect silent myocardial infarction.Methods: Hospital based observational analytical case control study was conducted in Department of Medicine in Dr BRAM Hospital Raipur during August 2016 to September 2018. Cases were 45 subjects of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with normal ECG and controls were 45 subjects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with abnormal resting ECG. Data analyzed using SPSS 17 version.Results: Majority i.e. 40% were found to be in fifth decade of their life. 71 (78.9%) male subjects and 19 (21.1%) female subjects. TMT was found positive in 8(17.8%) subjects with positive ECG changes whereas in 12(26.7%) subjects with no ECG changes. No significant difference was noted between distribution of any parameters except for hypertension which was found to be significantly higher in TMT positive subjects compared to TMT negative subjects.Conclusions: No significant difference was observed regarding TMT findings between T2DM subjects with and without ECG changes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with dyslipidemia, and hypertension are at higher risk of Positive TMT.
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Background: There is steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 0.73% to current 2.4% in rural and 4.0% to 11.6% in urban areas. Familial clustering of diabetes may support a genetic predisposition to diabetes. With increase in the prevalence of diabetes there is increase in number of first degree relative as well, thus an increased risk of developing diabetes, will also increase. To study the plasma glucose levels in First-degree relatives of family member of type 2 diabetic patients was the objective of the present study.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study with 1020 individuals serially coming to our outpatient Department for Pre-employment Medical Health Check Up Annual Health Check Up were selected. These individuals have been enrolled for the study and their family history of diabetes was noted, their sugar levels and their lipid levels were estimated and their body mass index was calculated. The data thus collected and analyzed with excel.Results: 184 (18%) individuals were FDRs, were as 836 (82%) individuals were Non-FDRs. There were 754 (74%) males [131(17%) FDR and 623(83%) Non-FDR], were as 213 (26%) females [53(20%) FDR and 213(80%) Non-FDR], 61(6%) individuals were having Diabetic Mother, 91(9%) individuals had Diabetic Father and 32(3%) were those in whom both the Parents were Diabetic. It was found that maternal history has strong association for getting abnormal BSL levels as compared to a diabetic father as the RR of 9.82 (95% 4.84 to 19.95) in individuals with mother being diabetic, and RR of 1.54(95% 0.68 to 3.87) of father being diabetic.Conclusions: Family history of diabetes, maternal history of diabetes and history of both the parents having diabetes are risk factors for diabetes in FDRs
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Background: According to WHO, pneumonia is the third important cause of death worldwide despite various advances in medical science. Incidence of Community acquired pneumonia is about 20% to 30% in developing countries compared to 3% to 4 % in developed countries. Incidence of CAP is much higher in the very young and the elderly individuals. Objectives of the study was to compare CURB 65, PSI (Pneumonia severity index) and SIPF (shock index and hypoxemia) scores with respect to outcome prediction in community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods: The present hospital based descriptive observational study was conducted in the Dept of medicine, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College and Dr B. R. A. M. Hospital, Raipur, during 2016-2018 involving a total of 98 patients of community acquired pneumonia.Results: Majority of them i.e. 22 (22.4%) subjects belonged to age group 41-50 years. 34 (34.7%) subjects were found to have CURB65 score 1. 28(28.6%) subjects PSI score was noted to be class I. 89 (90.8%) subjects were discharged while, there was death of 9 (9.2%) subjects. The difference in the mean score was statistically significant (p<0.001). PSI score was found to have diagnostic sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 100% while CURB 65 score having 83.1% sensitivity and 100 % specificity. SIPF score had least AUC 0.88.Conclusions: Maximum diagnostic ability was noted with PSI score followed by CURB 65 and SIPF score.
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Background: The prevalence of women with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Karnataka is 22.04%. Many people are diagnosed type-2 diabetes in their teens or early 20s. And with advancing age, the risk of getting type-2 diabetes goes up too, especially if you don’t change any of the diabetes risk factors like your weight and physical activity level. Women who get type-2 diabetes are at greater risk than men of cardiovascular disease and blindness. The objective of the study was to study the risk profile amongst diabetic females.Methods: The hospital-based descriptive observational study was carried out in 75 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) women at Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from June 2010 to December 2010. Detailed history and anthropometric assessment was done and data analysed with SPSS software.Results: Majority of the diabetic women were from 40-50 years age group i.e. 33 (44%). Mean age was seen as 52±12.4 years. 57 women having sedentary lifestyle (76%). Mean BMI was found to be 24.58±5.27 kg/m2. Waist circumference was 83.42±9.35 cm. Hip circumference was 95.05±9.1 cm and waist/hip ratio was 0.877±0.041.Conclusions: Increasing age, sedentary lifestyle, obesity especially central and obstetric events were found to be important risk factors in our study.
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Background: Peripheral polyneuropathy is most common Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) related complication with prevalence of more than 60%. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy is directly proportional to duration and severity of CKD. Objective of the study was to study and assess the prevalence of peripheral neuritis and its correlates in patients with chronic kidney diseases.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional; descriptive study was conducted in October 2016 to October 2018. Data analysed by using SPSS 23.0 version.Results: Out of 90 subjects, majority were from 45-54 years age group (26). 70% were male and 30% were females. Out of 60 pre-HD patients, 33(55%) showed peripheral neuropathy. Out of 30 HD patients, 24(80%) showed peripheral neuropathy. Maximum percentage of PN seen in 45-54 age group (76.92%) amongst the 60 males 39 (65%) and amongst 30 females 18(60%) showed peripheral neuropathy. Maximum percentage of PN seen in >5 years age group (79.31%). Pure axonal sensory motor neuropathy (28.88%) was most common pattern.Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy is very common in CKD, more common in dialysis patients as compared to predialysis patients.
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Background: It is well known that several factors influence the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) such as genetic, environmental and life style factors. Obesity is the strongest modifiable risk factor for NIDDM. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may also have important roles, either indirectly through their effects on obesity or directly through physiological factors related to insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to study the risk factors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among the patients attending Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital.Methods: It is a hospital-based case-control study for risk factors in NIDDM. The study was conducted at Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar during the period of June 2010 to May 2011 involving 147 cases and controls each. Data collected and analyzed using SPSS 14 version.Results: 21.59% of the male cases were in the age group of 46-50 years and 20.97% female cases from 56-60 yrs age. 42% cases and 12% controls had history of diabetes mellitus in one parent. 34% cases and 4.67% controls had history of diabetes mellitus in both the parents. Current smokers (odds ratio-4.24, 95% CI 2.02-9.15) and ex-smokers (odds ratio-1.31, 95% CI 0.65-2.68) exhibited an increased risk of NIDDM. Ex-drinking but not current-drinking was statistically significantly associated with the risk of NIDDM. Sedentary work was associated with an increased risk of NIDDM with an odds ratio of 3.90 (95% CI 2.30-6.63).Conclusions: Apart from other risk factors, smoking and alcohol consumption are significant lifestyle risk factors for NIDDM in males.
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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemiological problem. GDM is defined as glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Treatment of GDM is important to avoid maternal and fetal complication. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal mothers from rural area.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 193 antenatal mothers in rural hospital, Murud. A study was done between July 2018 to August 2018. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about GDM among all antenatal mothers.Results: Among the participants, 48.19% were in the age group 21-25 years and 90.15% antenatal mothers were literate. 80% heard about diabetes mellitus and 38% mothers knows that diabetes can occur first time in pregnancy. Only 28.50% mothers heard about GDM from different source of information.Conclusions: The study shows average knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal mother.
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Background: India is currently experiencing rapid epidemiological transition with rising prevalence of obesity which may be due to sedentary lifestyle and changing dietary pattern. Certain occupations like the job of bank employees are sedentary which predispose individuals to obesity. Hence the present study was carried out to study the prevalence of obesity in bank employees in Latur city of Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 400 bank employees of Latur city. Banks were listed according to sectors i.e. government, co-operative and private. The study subjects were interviewed by predesigned and pretested proforma including bio-social characteristics like age, gender, height, weight etc. The anthropometric measurements were taken like height, weight etc. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using appropriate test whenever necessary.Results: According to body mass index (BMI) classification by WHO classification 34.5% subjects were overweight and obese and 25.75% of bank employees had obesity by waist-hip ratio as per WHO classification and 18.5% of bank employees had isolated abdominal obesity.Conclusions: The prevalence of generalized as well as abdominal obesity by WHO classification was more in bank employees. The associated risk factors like age, gender and designation was found to be significant.
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Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges in maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. According to a UNICEF report about 28 per cent of babies born in India are low birth weight. Present hospital based study was undertaken to estimate the proportion of babies with low birth weight.Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Govt. Medical College and Hospital. The data collection was done during 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013. All deliveries occurring on alternate days were included in the study which comes to, 1154 deliveries.Results: Out of total 1154 live full term new borns; 279 (24.18%) were low birth weight babies. The percentage of low birth weight babies was more in mothers from rural area 243 (27.46%). Highest percentage (45.33%) of low birth weight babies was seen in non agricultural laborer. Higher percentage of low birth weight babies (26.18%) was observed among mothers belonging to joint family. Highest percentage (28.61%) of low birth weight babies was observed in class V socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Baby birth weight has significant association with place of residence, mothers occupation, fathers occupation, socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05).
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Background: There are several risk factors contributing to cardiovascular diseases, such as age, gender and ethnicity. Positive family history being overweight and obese is also additional risk factors. Other, life style factor that contribute to hyper tension are smoking, stress cell phone use and physical inactivity, consumption of alcohol, increase salt intake reduce potassium intake. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness about cardiovascular diseases risk factors amongst first-year medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 136 first-year medical students of MIMSR Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra during the period of December 2017 to May 2018. A self-administered, pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about awareness of cardiovascular diseases risk factors including diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol habits from the study subjects.Results: The study subjects were 136 first-year medical students belonging to 18–23 years age group. There was good awareness about high fat food, high sugar intake, smoking and alcohol consumption as cardiovascular diseases risk factors.Conclusions: There is good awareness about cardiovascular diseases risk factors among first-year medical students.